{"id":39489,"date":"2015-10-12T10:41:33","date_gmt":"2015-10-12T05:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/2015-%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e5%a5%96%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e5%be%97%e5%a5%96%e5%90%8d%e5%8d%95"},"modified":"2026-01-07T16:22:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:52:04","slug":"2015-nuo-bei-er-jiang-wan-zheng-de-jiang-ming-dan-2459","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/2015-nuo-bei-er-jiang-wan-zheng-de-jiang-ming-dan-2459\/","title":{"rendered":"2015 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5b8c\u6574\u5f97\u5956\u540d\u5355"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2015 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u81ea 10 \u6708 5 \u65e5\u8d77\u9646\u7eed\u516c\u5e03\u5f97\u5956\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5f97\u5956\u540d\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5f97\u5956\u4eba\u4e3a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/2015\/campbell-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">William C. Campbell<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/2015\/omura-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u5927\u6751\u667a<\/a>\uff08Satoshi \u014dmura\uff09\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/2015\/tu-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u5c60\u5466\u5466<\/a>\uff08Youyou Tu\uff09\uff0cWilliam C. Campbell \u548c\u5927\u6751\u667a\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u5219\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u759f\u75be\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u7684 3 \u4eba\u90fd\u201c\u4e3a\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u56f0\u6270\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u6709\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6765\u81ea\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684 Campbell \u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5927\u6751\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u963f\u7ef4\u83cc\u7d20\u201d\uff08Avermectin\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u836f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6cb3\u76f2\u75c7\u3001\u6dcb\u5df4\u4e1d\u866b\u75c5\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6297\u4f53\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u963b\u6b62\u759f\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u798f\u7949\u65e0\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u5b9e\u81f3\u540d\u5f52\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences\uff09\u4e8e 10 \u6708 6 \u65e5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/2015\/press.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u516c\u5e03<\/a>\u4e86 2015 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u5956\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u4eba\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/2015\/kajita-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u68b6\u7530\u9686\u7ae0<\/a>\uff08Takaaki Kajita\uff09\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/2015\/mcdonald-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Arthur B. McDonald<\/a>\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7ee7\u5149\u5b50\uff08\u5149\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u540e\u6700\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u68b6\u7530\u548c McDonald \u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u5f00\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u62fc\u56fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u68b6\u7530\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u4f1a\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u4e2d\u8f6c\u6362\uff0cMcDonald \u5219\u627e\u5230\u592a\u9633\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u7403\u65f6\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u5f00\u4e86\u6700\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u68b6\u7530\u6216 McDonald \u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5bf9\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u8a00\u53ef\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>10 \u6708 7 \u65e5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/press.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u516c\u5e03<\/a>\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u540d\u5355\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/lindahl-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Tomas Lindahl<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/modrich-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Modrich<\/a>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/chemistry\/laureates\/2015\/sancar-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Aziz Sancar<\/a>\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u7ea7\u8bf4\u660e\u7ec6\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u590d\u53d7\u635f\u7684 DNA\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Lindahl \u53d1\u73b0\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u201c\u78b1\u57fa\u5207\u9664\u4fee\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u62b5\u6d88 DNA \u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 Modrich \u5219\u662f\u8ba9\u5927\u4f17\u4e86\u89e3\u9519\u914d\u4fee\u590d\uff08mismatch repair\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u4fee\u590d\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u65f6\u9020\u6210\u7684 DNA \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 Sancar \u5219\u662f\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5207\u9664\u4fee\u590d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u4fee\u590d UV \u5bf9 DNA \u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3 \u4f4d\u7684\u5f97\u5956\u8005\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u589e\u8fdb\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u764c\u75c7\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2015 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e3a\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4f5c\u5bb6\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/literature\/laureates\/2015\/alexievich-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Svetlana Alexievich<\/a>\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/literature\/laureates\/2015\/press.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u548c\u65cb\u822c\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u523b\u4e0b\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<\/a>\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Alexievich \u51fa\u751f\u5728 1948 \u5e74 5 \u6708 31 \u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5c0f\u9547\u00a0Ivano-Frankivsk\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0cAlexievich \u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u62a5\u793e\u62c5\u4efb\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5979\u4e0d\u51e1\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7ec8\u8eab\u79d8\u4e66 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2015\/oct\/08\/svetlana-alexievich-wins-2015-nobel-prize-in-literature\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Sara Danius \u8c08\u5230 Alexievich \u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/a>\uff1a\u300c\u8fc7\u53bb 30 \u5e74\uff0c\u6216 40\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63cf\u7ed8\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\u4e0e\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u65e0\u5173\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5979\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5979\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u707e\u96be\u3001\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u6218\u4e89\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>Alexievich \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u8bb0\u8ff0\u707e\u96be\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u5fb7\u6587\u3001\u6cd5\u6587\u3001\u745e\u5178\u6587\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences\uff09\u5728 10 \u6708 12 \u65e5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/economic-sciences\/laureates\/2015\/press.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u516c\u5e03<\/a>\u4e86 2015 \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/economic-sciences\/laureates\/2015\/deaton-facts.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Angus Deaton<\/a>\u00a0\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u798f\u5229\u7684\u5206\u6790\u201d\u83b7\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Nobel Committee\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u517c\u987e\u798f\u5229\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u9009\u62e9\uff0cAngus Deaton \u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u80fd\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u3002\u300dDeaton \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7740\u91cd\u5728\u4e0b\u9762 3 \u4e2a\u9762\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8d39\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5546\u54c1\u4e0a\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u88ab\u82b1\u6389\uff1f\u591a\u5c11\u88ab\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u798f\u5229\u548c\u8d2b\u7a77\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Deaton \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5206\u6790\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u4e86\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u51fa\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u70ed\u91cf\u6444\u53d6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230 Deaton 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